Based on our collective experiences with gap management around immediate dental implants, we have proposed a classification of gap type based on the location in relation to implant periphery. Seven types are proposed, and all but one type should heal without gap grafting provided that flap-less surgery and atraumatic extraction have been achieved. The exception is our Type II gap where the implant has been placed too far buccally leaving a gap only on the lingual/palatal. In this case, the lingual/palatal gap need not be grafted, but the buccal aspect of the implant should best to augmented to avoid the complications.

Tooth nonvitality is one of the frequently seen consequences of dental trauma that causes the arrest of root development. Amniotic membrane has received a lot of attention for its use in transplantation and regeneration procedures. This article reports a unique and novel case of successful regenerative endodontic procedure done using amniotic membrane in a traumatized immature right maxillary central incisor of an 8-year-old girl. The clinical and radiographic evaluation done during the recall visits at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months showed a progressive root growth with apical closure.

Background: Association of cuspid impaction with adjacent lateral incisor anomalies is under controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between maxillary cuspid impaction with dental anomalies. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, the material consisted of pretreatment dental records of 102 patients with at least one palatally or buccally displaced impacted permanent cuspid (palatal and buccal impaction groups). They were matched with a comparison control group of 102 patients having normally erupted maxillary cuspids. Available space, mesiodistal dimensions of teeth, and morphologic parameters of lateral incisors were measured using the digital caliper. Comparison of mean values of lateral incisors anomalies and severity of crowding between different groups were performed using the one-way ANOVA test, and the analysis of associations between position of the impaction and anomaly of the lateral incisors and severity of crowding was performed using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the arch length–tooth size discrepancy between the cuspid impaction groups and control group. The impaction group (buccal or palatal) presented statistically significant differences in terms of anomalies of maxillary lateral incisor compared to the control group. Peg-shaped lateral incisor was related to buccal cuspid impaction and microdontia had relationship with palatal cuspid impaction. Conclusion: There is the relationship between cuspid impaction and adjacent lateral incisor abnormality, but no difference was observed between buccal and palatal cuspid impactions. Crowding revealed no relationship with cuspid impaction (buccal or palatal) in this study.

Background: Although dental care attendance during pregnancy has been recommended by guidelines and institutions, the demand for dental services is still low among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of not receipt dental care and also determinants of that during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This population-based study was conducted on 4071 mothers in 10 provinces of Iran, during 2014–2015. We calculated the prevalence of not receipt of dental care, and reasons for nonreceipt of care. We used logistic regression to estimate odds of nonreceipt of care by demographics variables. In the analyses, the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Overall, 54.70% of women had no dental visit during pregnancy. In mothers who had a history of stillbirth, neonatal death and live birth, the prevalence of not receipt dental care during pregnancy were 54.56%, 48.92%, and 58.76%, respectively. The logistic regression analyses showed that parity second-to-fourth birth than first birth (odds ratio [OR] 1.37 confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.17–1.59, residence in rural (OR 1.68 CI 95% 1.45–1.95), and not intended pregnancy (OR 1.32 CI 95% 1.03–1.68) associated with not received dental care during pregnancy. Conclusion: Most pregnant women in this study received insufficient dental care. The need for dental care during pregnancy must be promoted widely among women of reproductive age, and family barriers to dental care should be addressed.

Background: Despite the many advantages of simplified adhesive systems, there are concerns about the durability of the adhesive layer over time. The aim was to investigate the effects of various aging methods and double application of an adhesive layer on the bond strength of the universal adhesive system using etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) strategies. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the occlusal enamel of 120 extracted, intact human third molars was removed to expose the dentin. Then, the samples were randomly divided into four groups of thirty according to All-Bond Universal (ABU) adhesive application strategy (ER and SE) and the number of adhesive layers (1 or 2). Then, each group was subdivided into three subgroups of ten according to aging method (control, thermal cycling, and 10% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl]). The shear bond strength was measured at the strain rate of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (P < 0.05). Results: The effect of adhesive application strategy (P < 0.001) and aging method (P < 0.001) on the bond strength was statistically significant, but the effect of the double application was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, the interactive effect of adhesive application strategy–aging method was significant (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Using ABU with ER strategy leads to higher dentin bond strength compared to the SE method in the control and thermal cycling groups. However, no significant differences were observed between ER and SE strategies after aging with the NaOCl. Furthermore, the double application might not have any effect on the bond strength and durability.

Background: Soft skills are the key indicators of success and quality of performance in various professions, including the dental profession. The skills are the main tools for enhancing the quality of technical work in Dentistry. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the soft skills in dental profession. Materials and Methods: The study employed a mixed methods research. In the qualitative phase, the dental skills were identified using a semi-structured interview with faculty members and dental students. In the quantitative phase, the soft skills were prioritized with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The data analysis was using Expert Choice software. Results: The results showed that the dental profession to improve the quality of performance needs to 29 soft skills in six categories. In professional ethics, work ethics (with weight of 0.212) and responsibility (0.188); in artistic skills, handicrafts (0.616); in cognitive skills, decision-making ability (0.290) and spatial thinking (0.249); in communication skills, verbal/nonverbal communication and listening (0.266), and patience (0.240); in individual characteristics, stress management (0.381) and self-esteem (0.260); and finally, in management skills, time management (0.481) are among the most important soft skills in dental profession. Conclusion: Identify and prioritize the soft skills can help to improve the quality of performance the dental profession. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate these skills into the dentistry curriculum. Moreover, by increasing the number of studies the essential backgrounds for developing soft skills in dentistry education will be provided.

The use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology simplifies the laboratory and clinical steps for the fabrication of implant prostheses. It also reduces additional costs for the prosthetic components and technical procedures. This article describes a modified impression technique using an impression metal jig to enhance the accuracy of final impression and also to eliminate the need for the try-in of resin pattern of the milled bar.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of four temporary luting agents on preventing the coronal microleakage of teeth restored with custom cast post and core. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro original study, after removing 9 mm of gutta percha from root canals of 32 single-canaled premolars, the acrylic resin patterns of the post and core were fabricated. Patterns were cast with Ni-Cr metal alloy and then cemented with glass ionomer. Using self-curing acrylic resin, provisional restorations were made. Then, teeth were randomly allocated to four groups for each temporary cement including zinc oxide eugenol (Temp Bond), zinc oxide noneugenol (Temp Bond NE), noneugenol resin-based temporary luting agent (Temp Bond Clear), and noneugenol urethane methacrylate polymer-based temporary luting agent (Dento temp). Teeth were subjected to thermocycling, immersed in silver nitrate for 6 h and then sectioned. The amount of dye penetration in the margin of provisional crown and into the coronal part of the root canals was measured using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests with significance level of 0.05. Results: All the luting agents showed some degree of microleakage (Group 1 showed the most microleakage). According to the pair comparison between the groups, Group 1 revealed a significant difference with others (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Group 2 showed more microleakage as compared to Group 4 (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Temp Bond showed the highest microleakage as compared to other luting agents. Furthermore, Temp Bond NE revealed a weaker sealability as compared to Dento temp.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of chlorhexidine- and Persica-containing mouthrinses on the surface characterization of orthodontic appliance and friction between the orthodontic stainless steel wires and brackets. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 75 orthodontic patients (aged 13–30) were allocated (n = 25) into two experimental groups (prescribed by Persica- or chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinse) and one control group (no prescription). The ovoid stainless steel archwires were placed, and the maxillary first premolar stainless steel edgewise brackets were ligated to wires by elastomeric rings. The patients were recalled after 2 weeks, and then, the archwires were removed and replaced. The surface analysis of archwires and brackets was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The frictional forces between the archwires and brackets were measured using a universal testing machine. The data for surface roughness were analyzed by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. The frictional forces data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS software. The level of significance was P < 0.05. Results: The retrieved brackets showed minor changes in their surface topography. The surface roughness of archwires after the intervention was significantly greater for the chlorhexidine than that of Persica (P < 0.05). The friction force between the archwires and brackets was also significantly higher for the chlorhexidine than that of Persica (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Persica-containing mouthrinse from the biomechanical and biochemical standpoints may be a better option for oral hygiene in orthodontic patients compared with the chlorhexidine.